Imports made up 86% of India's gold
supply from 2016-2020, says WGC
According to a World Gold Council report, bullion banking is one of the key pillars to address mulple
challenges faced by India's gold market, such as a lack of quality assurance, the unorganized state of
the market and a lack of trust in internaonal markets.
India is virtually dependent on bullion imports to meet domesc gold demand because lile mining
and only a modest level of recycling is taking place in the country, according to a World Gold Council
(WGC) report.
The report tled Bullion Trade in India, part of a series of in-depth analyses on India's bullion
market, says increasing import of gold doré — a semi-pure alloy of gold and silver — in the last few
years has led to a massive expansion of gold refineries in the country.
Indian gold imports have connued to rise despite high import dues with official imports averaging
760 tonnes a year since the first hike in 2012. High dues have led to an increase in unofficial
imports with eastern, north-eastern and southern states of the country acng as the chief conduit
for gold smuggling. Gold smuggling has shied to air and land routes from the sea, the report says.
In 2016-2020, imports made up 86 percent of India's gold supply while recycling accounted for 13%
and mining accounted for just 1 percent. Since the first duty hike in 2012, India has imported some
6,581 tonnes of gold.
A significant change that has taken place in India's gold market is the growth in import of gold doré.
In the last five years gold doré imports made up of 30 percent of total official gold imports, paving
the way for the expansion of gold refining capacity in India. The number of refineries rose from
three in 2012 to 32 in 2020.
Gold doré imports surge
Currently, some 25-26 refineries are acve, with a combined refining capacity of 1,200- 1,400
tonnes. Of these, 23 refineries imported doré in 2020 and the top five refineries accounted for more
than 70 percent of India's doré imports. With lower duty on gold doré, the share of gold doré
imports has increased from 11 percent in 2014 to 29 percent in 2020.
In 2020, India imported 377 tonnes of gold bars and doré from over 30 countries; 55 percent of the
imports came from just two countries – Switzerland (44 percent) and the United Arab Emirates (11
percent). As doré imports have grown, refineries have become far more prominent importers,
achieving a 29 percent share of India's official imports in 2020.
With bullion banks like Bank of Nova Scoa exing their precious metals business and many large bullion
dealers (previously clients of the banks) seng up their own refineries, banks' share of official imports
shrank from 40 percent in 2017 to 19 percent in 2020 as the business shied to refineries.
About two-thirds of imported gold is in the form of 995 cast kilobars or 100 gm bars; 999 purity bars
account for much of the remaining one-third of imports. Over the last few years, 100 gm bars have
gained in popularity, with increased demand from small dealers or manufacturers, according to the
report.
Gold officially shipped into India comes via air into 11 cies. In addion to these cies, gold is also
imported in Sri City Free Trade and Warehousing Zone (FTWZ), located in the town of Satyavedu in
Andhra Pradesh.
In 2020, 84 percent of imports came through airports located in north and south India, with the
remaining 16 percent coming through airports in west and east India.
Challenges
“Bullion industry has developed over the last three decades in India with significant addion to
organized refining capacity. Challenges remain, however, on doré sourcing and organized trading
which act as barriers to a more acve role for banks and bullion trade in global trading and price
seng. High taxes on bullion connue to be a strong incenve for the grey markets that constantly
undermine all reforms to make gold liquid and mainstream,'' said Somasundaram PR, regional CEO,
India, of the World Gold Council.
According to WGC, bullion banking is one of the key pillars to address mulple challenges faced by
India's gold market, such as a lack of quality assurance, the unorganized state of the market and a
lack of trust in internaonal markets.
“There are significant opportunies to emerge as a global bullion trading hub through the internaonal
gold spot exchange (IIBX) with
a thriving domesc bullion
eco-system underpinned by
globally recognized standards
and infrastructure,"Somasundaram added.
In 2020, the average daily
trading volumes on futures
and spot exchanges was
$69.3 billion, with gold
exchange-traded funds (ETFs)
generang average trading
volumes of $3.3 billion.
India's contribuon to these
was just $1.2 billion and $3.4
million respecvely
Gold, Shining Again as Inflation Hedge,
Gets Above $1,800
Almost a month aer losing its $1,800 mantle, gold is back above the key psychological bullish mark,
reinforcing its role as an inflaon hedge.
U.S. gold futures' most acve contract, February, seled Thursday's trade up $6.70, or 0.4%, at $1,804.90 an
ounce on New York's Comex. The last me it closed above $1,800 was on Nov. 22.
For the week, February gold rose 1.1%, its most for a week since early November.
Gold's ascension came as the Federal Reserve announced its heightened concerns about inflaon in the
United States on a week that the central bank laid out an expedited pathway to ending its pandemic-era
smulus and raising interest rates for the first me since the Covid-19 outbreak of March 2020.
“Gold is taking the news that central banks are ghtening monetary policy and tackling inflaon head-on
very well,” said Craig Erlam, analyst at online trading plaorm OANDA.
“You would be forgiven for thinking this would be a negave development for the yellow metal and, in the
longer term, I expect it will be. But it's also a development that was almost enrely expected and priced in.”
News of rate hikes are almost always bad for gold. This me though, traders in bullion appear focused on the
U.S. inflaon story, allowing gold to play its tradional role as a hedge against that, although strong Fed
acon to right the situaon could sll be negave for the yellow metal.
News of rate hikes are almost always bad for gold. This me though, traders in bullion appear focused on the
U.S. inflaon story, allowing gold to play its tradional role as a hedge against that, although strong Fed
acon to right the situaon could sll be negave for the yellow metal.
The U.S. Consumer Price Index, or CPI, rose 6.8% in the year to November, growing at its fastest pace since
1982, just as it did in October, the Labor Department reported last week. It also announced that U.S.
producer prices jumped by a record 9.6% year-on-year in November.
Content By : A.Madhuri
